fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b ‡g‡nicy‡ii bv Rvbv K_v
-----iwdKzj Avjg
c~e© K_v t
Avgiv evOvjx I evsjv‡`kx| evsjv ïay GLb Avgv‡`i gvZ…fvlv bq, ivóª
fvlvI e‡U| A‡bK PovB DrivB †cwi‡q 1947
mv‡j wØRvwZ Z‡Ë¡i wfwˇZ cvwK¯Ívb I fviZ bv‡g `ywU ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq| †m mgq
G‡`‡ki mvaviY gvby‡li g‡b GKwU wek¦vm Rb¥ wb‡qwQj †h, Zviv weªwUk‡`i KvQ ‡_‡K
†h mKj b¨vh¨ AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ n‡qwQj cvwK¯Ívb ivóª n‡j †m me eÂbv I mgm¨vi
mgvavb n‡e| ZLb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Dfq As‡ki RbMY †fvM Ki‡e mgvwaKvi| wKš‘ cvwK¯Ívb
cÖwZôvi ci c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvaviY gvbyl Pig fv‡e Ae‡nwjZ n‡Z jvMj| Zv‡`i gv‡S
Rgv n‡Z _v‡K †¶vf| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvbyl †`L‡Z cvq ivóªxq ‡¶‡Î G‡`‡ki gvby‡li
†Kvb g~j¨vqb †bB, A_P fvlvfvlxi w`K †_‡K D`©yfvlx gvbyl wQj kZKiv 8 fvM| Avi
evsjvfvlx gvbyl wQj 56 fvM|
1948 mv‡ji 23 †deªæqvix cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ïiæ nq| Awa‡ek‡b
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Ks‡MÖm (c~e© evsjv) `‡ji m`m¨ ax‡i›`ª bv_ `Ë GKwU ms‡kvabx cÖ¯Íve
DÌvcb K‡ib| ms‡kvabwU wQj Lmov wbqš¿Y cÖYvjxi 29bs aviv m¤ú‡K©| GB avivq ejv
n‡qwQj cwil‡`i mKj m`m¨‡K Bs‡iwR ev D`©y fvlvq e³…Zv Ki‡Z n‡e| ax‡i›`ª bv_ `Ë
Bs‡iRx I D`©yi cvkvcvwk evsjv‡KI MYcwil‡`i miKvix fvlv Kivi cÖ¯Íve K‡ib| 25
†deªæqvix GB cÖ¯Zve m¤ú‡K© Awa‡ek‡b
Av‡jvPbv nq Ges Zzgyj weZ‡K©i ciI Zv AMÖvn¨ nq|
1952 mv‡j 27 Rvbyqvix cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavb gš¿x LvRv bvwRgDwÏb XvKv md‡i
Av‡mb Ges wbwLj cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg jx‡Mi cëb gq`v‡b AbywôZ GK Rbmfvq fvlb †`b|
e³…Zvq wZwb D`©y‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e †Nvlbv K‡ib| G †Nvlbvi
cªwZev‡` XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil` 30Rvbyqvix QvÎ ag©NU I mfv
Avnevb K‡i| 27 Rvbyqvix †_‡K 21 †deªyqvix ch©šÍ †h Kg©m~Px M„wnZ nq Zv‡Z `ywU
`vex wQj (1) evsjv‡K ivóªfvlv Kiv (2) Aviex
ni‡d evsjv †jLvi cÖPjb eÜ Kiv|
fvlv Av‡›`vjbt 1952 mv‡ji 31Rvbyqvix
21‡deªæqvix‡K ivóªfvlv w`em wn‡m‡e cvjb Kivi cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY K‡i me©`jxq ivóª fvlv
msMÖvg cwil` Ges H w`b Z`vbxšÍb cÖ‡`‡ki
me©Î mvaviY ag©NU Ges †kvfvhvÎv mnKv‡i 21†deªæqvix ivóª fvlv w`em wn‡m‡e cvjb
Kiv n‡e wVK nq| 21†deªyqvixi Av‡Mi mfv I wgwQj¸wji Kvi‡Y †Kej Qv·`i g‡a¨B bq,
mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨I m‡PZbZv RvMÖZ n‡qwQj Ges mK‡j cÖwZ‡iva I msMÖv‡gi cÖZ¨¶
Kg©m~PxB cÖZ¨vkv KiwQj| GiKg Ae¯’vq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb (c~e© evsjv) miKvi
20†deªyqvix †_‡K 1 gv‡mi Rb¨ 144 aviv Rvwi K‡i XvKv kn‡i ‡h †Kvb iKg mfv
mgv‡ek, †kvfvhvÎv I wgwQj cÖf…wZ m¤ú~Y©iæ‡c wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i|
1952 mv‡ji 21†deªæqvix w`bwU wQj e„n¯úwZevi 8dvêyb 1358 e½vã 24‡k
Rgvw`Dj Av&Dqvj 1371 wnRix| QvÎiv 144 aviv fsM Kivi Rb¨ hveZxq cÖ¯‘wZ †kl
K‡i †i‡LwQj| wm×všÍ gZ QvÎiv `yÕPvi Rb K‡i XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq I XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡jR
GjvKvq Rgv‡qZ n‡”Q| ˆeKvj 3 NwUKvq QvÎiv 144 aviv Agvb¨ K‡i wgwQj †ei K‡i| G
mgq Qv·`i GKwU Ask KZ©e¨iZ cywjk I BwcAvi Gi mv‡_ msN‡l© Rwo‡q c‡o| cÖPÛ
msN‡l© Qv·`i wbw¶ß B‡Ui mvg‡b cywjk wcQz nU‡Z eva¨ nq| QvÎiv cywjk I BwcAvi‡`i Pviw`K †_‡K †NivI K‡i we‡¶vf Ki‡Z _vK‡j GK
ch©v‡q cywjk ¸wjel©Y K‡i| cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z cÖ_g wbnZ nq GKRb wiKmv PvjK, Zvici
mvjvDwÏb, eiKZ, iwdK, ReŸvi| cywj‡ki ¸wj el©‡b QvÎ RbZv wbnZ nIqvq mvaviY
gvby‡li Kvbœv RwoZ ¶zä gyL †`Lv hvq| GiB cÖwZdjb N‡UwQj 22†deªæqvix A_©vr ciw`b
ïµevi XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡jR e¨viv‡K wbnZ‡`i Rvbvhvi bvgv‡R nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li Ask
MÖnY| mK‡j †Pv‡L gy‡L N„Yv I †µva wb‡q mg‡eZ nq| 22†deªæqvix Rvbvhvi bvgvR †k‡l
QvÎ RbZv knx`‡`i jvk wb‡q wgwQj †ei Ki‡j cywjk Avev‡iv wgwQ‡j ¸wj Pvjvq|
cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z AwnDjøvn bv‡gi 14 eQ‡ii GK wK‡kvimn wbnZ nq 4 Rb| GNUbvi ci ivóª
fvlvi `vex Qwo‡q c‡o gd¯^j GjvKv ¸‡jv‡Z|
1947 mvj †_‡K †g‡nicy‡ii
ivR‰bwZK A½b wQj gymwjg jx‡Mi `L‡j| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m
†g‡nicy‡ii †Kvb ivRbxwZK, ivR‰bwZK `j ev QvÎ msMVb †Kvbiæc f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj
wKbv Zvi †Kvb mwVK BwZnvm cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e mvsevw`K ˆmq` Avwgbyj Bmjvg iwPZ
†g‡nicy‡ii BwZnvm I †eu‡P _vKv AskMÖnYKvix fvlv ˆmwbK †_‡K Rvbv hvq, 1952
mv‡ji `yB w`b ci A_©vr 24‡deªæqvix
†g‡nicyi g‡Wj Bs‡iwR nvB ¯‹z‡ji QvÎ gywÝ mvLvIqvr †nv‡mb (Kwe bRiyj wk¶v gwćji
cÖv³Y cÖavb wk¶K) KvIQvi Avjx (Pvbv)
Ii‡d ‡Mvjvg KvIQvi (Pvbv) (†g‡nicyi †cŠi mfvi Aemi cÖvß Kg©Pvix) esKz †Nvl Ii‡d
mZxbv_ †Nvl (eo evRvi evMvb cvov) kvwšÍ bvivqb PµeZx© (Kvk¨ecvov) Aveyj †nv‡mb
(ZvuZxcvov, mv‡eK mfvcwZ, evm gvwjK mwgwZ) gxi †gvRv‡¤§j nK (gxi cvov, AvgSzwc)
wmivRyj Bmjvg(evIU, Mvsbx) Rvb †gvnv¤§` (AemicÖvß wkÿK, L›`Kvicvov) BQvnvK Avjx
wek^vm(AemicÖvß dzUej †L‡jvqvo, †gvwnwb wgj, Kzwóqv) i‡dRyÏxb iZb (wWw÷ª±
†ev‡W©i K›Uªv±i, wc‡ivRcyi, †g‡nicyi) myjZvb DÏxb (KvjvPvu`cyi, †g‡nicyi)
AvIjv` †nv‡mb gvóvi (eywo‡cvZv BDwci kvwjLv) cÖgyL QvÎ †bZv †g‡nicyi kn‡ii ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
¯’v‡b ivóªfvlv evsjvi `vex‡Z ‡cv÷vwis, wc‡KwUsmn wgwQj †ei K‡iwQj| D‡jøL¨
‡Mvjvg KvIQvi Pvbv, gxi †gvRv‡¤§j I wmivRyj Bmjvg RxweZ Av‡Qb|
Gici 1956 mv‡j 21†deªyqvix
gvZ…fvlv w`em 22†deªyqvix cvj‡b †g‡nicyi kn‡i wgwQj I †cv÷vwis K‡i †g‡nicyi
g‡Wj Bs‡iRx nvB¯‹z‡ji QvÎiv| we`¨vj‡qi k„sLjv fs‡Mi Aciv‡a D³ we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ bRxi †nv‡mb
(wc‡ivRcyi) BmgvBj †nv‡mb (†Rjv AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mnmfvcwZ) giûg Kwei Lvb (gva¨wgK evwjKv we`¨vj‡qi
mvg‡b) ‡gvkvid †nv‡mb (wR‡K cÖ‡R‡±i Kg©Pvix, ‡fovgviv Kzwóqv) giûg mvgmyj Avjv
(eo evRvi, †g‡nicyi) K`g imyj, Aveyj Kv‡kg(mv‡eK †Pqvig¨vb eywo‡cvZv BDwc)
cÖgyL†K we`¨vjq †_‡K ivRwUwKU Kiv nq| cieZx©‡Z Zv cwieZ©b K‡i we`¨vjq †_‡K
ewn®‹vi K‡i| G mgq we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K wQ‡jb wk¶vwe` I gymwjg jxM gnKzgv
mfvcwZ Rbve mve`vi Avjx wek¦vm | GQvov 1956 mv‡ji 22†deªæqvix †g‡nicy‡ii
Mvsbx‡Z ivóªfvlv w`em cvwjZ nq| †gvt `vD` †nv‡mb (†PsMvov) †gvt wmwÏKyi ingvb (Mvsbx †PŠMvQv) Bmjvg Avjx gv÷vi (hv`ecyi,
†g‡nicyi) †Lvi‡k` Avjx (Mvsbx) cÖgyL QvÎ †bZv Mvsbx kn‡i ivóª fvlv evsjvi
`vex‡Z wgwQj K‡iwQj e‡j Rvbv hvq|
HK¨e× evOvjxi Av‡›`vj‡bi ZxeªZvq Z`vwbšÍb cvwK¯Ívb miKvi evsjv‡K
Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv Kivi c‡¶ cÖ¯Íve MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| 1953 mv‡j g~jbxwZ KwgwUi
wi‡cv‡U©I evsjv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨Zg miKvix fvlv wn‡m‡e gh©v`v cÖ`v‡bi mycvwik Kiv
nq| 1956 mv‡j msweav‡b D`©yi ms‡M evsjvI ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e AvbyôvwbK fv‡e ¯^xK…wZ
jvf K‡i|
21Gi †PZbvq evOvjxiv 1954Õi
wbe©vPb 1958Õi mvgwiK kvmb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb 1966Õi Qq `dv Kg©m~Px, 1969Õi 11
`dv I MYAv‡›`vjb 1970 Gi wbe©vPb m‡e©vcwi 1971 mv‡j gyw³ msMÖv‡g 21†deªæqvix
evOvjx RvwZ‡K K‡i AbycÖvYxZ| 1952 mv‡j KZRb QvÎ-RbZv cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z knx` n‡q‡Q
†Kvb Zvi wbw`©ó msL¨v GL‡bv ARvbv i‡q †M‡Q| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mwVK BwZnvm bv
Rvbvi Kvi‡b cÖkvmb mn †¯^”Qv‡meK A‡bK msMVb ‡g‡nicy‡i 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b
Ae`vbKvix cÖK…Z fvlv ‰mwbK‡`i g~j¨vqb bv
K‡i Zv‡`i cvk KvwU‡q 1956 mv‡j fvlv w`em cvjbKvix‡`i fvlv ‰mwb‡Ki gh©v`vq
cÖwZwôZ K‡i wewfbœ m¤§v‡b f~wlZ Kiv n‡”Q| G‡Z †g‡nicy‡ii fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm n‡”Q weK…Z| c„w_exi ey‡K GKgvÎ evOvjx RvwZB i³v³
msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g wQwb‡q G‡b‡Q Zvi fvlvi AwaKvi| K_v cÖm‡½ Rbve Bmjvg Avjx
gvóvi‡K e‡jwQjvg 1956 mv‡j Avcwb fvlv
w`em cvjb Ki‡jb Z‡e †Kb fvlv ‰mwbK nbwb? wZwb Avgv‡K ej‡jb fvlv ˆmwbK ZvuivB
huviv ïay gvÎ 1952 mv‡j cÖwZev` K‡iwQ‡jb|
BD‡b‡¯‹v 1999 mv‡j 17b‡f¤^i 30Zg
Awa‡ek‡b 21†deªæqvix‡K AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em ‡NvlYv K‡i| we‡k¦i 188wU †`‡k
21†deªæqvix AvšÍR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em wn‡m‡e cvwjZ n‡”Q| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i †h mviv c„w_ex‡Z GKwUB RvwZ, evOvjx RvwZ hvuiv gv‡qi fvlvq K_v ejvi Rb¨ i³
w`‡q‡Q|
‡jLK t
mvsevw`K wRwUwf, ˆ`wbK msev`, †WBwj
AeRvifvi
‡cÖwm‡W›U, †g‡nicyi †Rjv Dbœqb †dvivg
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